Loewy, Ernst
Biographical details: 25 April 1920 in Krefeld – 17 September 2002 in Frankfurt am Main
Occupation: Bookseller, librarian, literary scholar
Exile: 1936 Palestine
Remigration: 1956 Germany/FRG
In April 1936, the pupil Ernst Loewy arrived as part of a Youth Aliyah group in Palestine, where he lived in a kibbutz until 1938. He kept in close contact by letter with his parents, who were only able to join him in 1938. In March 1938, Loewy began an apprenticeship as a bookseller in Tel Aviv. Early in the 1940s he also worked as a publicist. Loewy could not study until after his return.
Loewy, Richard
Biographical details: 15 February 1891 in Waidhaus – 6 May 1969 in Frankfurt am Main
Occupation: Businessman, bookseller, sales representative
Exile: 1938 Palestine
Remigration: 1957 Germany/FRG
Richard Loewy emigrated to Palestine in November 1938 together with his wife Erna. Their son, Ernst, had lived there since 1936. While the Loewys were preparing to leave, the November pogroms took place. Richard Loewy was afraid of being arrested and thus did not leave the house again until his departure. Erna and Richard Loewy travelled on a tourist visa to Palestine.
Löwenstein, Helga Prinzessin zu
Biographical details: 27 August 1910 in Lofthus, Norway – 23 November 2004 in Berlin
Exile: 1933 Austria, 1934 Territory of the Saar Basin, 1935 United Kingdom, 1935 USA
Remigration: 1946 Germany/Western occupation zones
As a lecture speaker, Princess Helga zu Löwenstein campaigned in the USA for an increased awareness about National Socialism. Together with her husband, Prince Hubertus zu Löwenstein, she used their position in society to raise money for the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom. The zu Löwensteins returned soon after the war to Germany; they collected donations for refugees and displaced persons.
Löwenstein, Hubertus Prinz zu
Biographical details: 14 October 1906 near to Kufstein, Austria-Hungary – 28 November 1984 in Bonn
Occupation: Jurist, journalist, politician
Exile: 1933 Austria, 1934 Territory of the Saar Basin, 1935 United Kingdom, 1935 USA
Remigration: 1946 Germany/Western occupation zones
Prince Hubertus zu Löwenstein was committed to promoting awareness of the "other", critical and democratic Germany among exiles with his idea of the American Guild for German Cultural Freedom. He also used lectures and publications to help raise awareness about the Nazi regime and participated in the discourse about the future political order of Germany after its demise.
Mann, Erika
Biographical details: 9 November 1905 in Munich – 27 August 1969 in Zurich, Switzerland
Occupation: Actress, writer, journalist
Exile: 1933 Switzerland, interrupted by numerous travels in Europe, 1936 USA, further travels, especially in Europe
Erika Mann went into exile in 1933 with her cabaret, Die Pfeffermühle [The Peppermill]. The ensemble toured with literary-political shows across Europe and was very successful. In the USA, Erika Mann became a travelling speaker. The main topic of her talks was Nazi Germany. From 1943, she was a war reporter, e.g. in the Middle East, and also reported in 1945 on the Nuremberg trials.
Mann, Golo
Biographical details: 27 March 1909 in Munich – 7 April 1994 in Leverkusen
Occupation: Historian, publicist, writer
Exile: 1933 France, 1936 Czechoslovakia, 1937 Switzerland, 1940 France, 1940 USA
After his emigration, Golo Mann taught at various universities in France, later in the USA. He wrote for the press and was editor of the exile magazine "Mass und Wert" from 1939. In the USA, he volunteered for the army and in 1944 was sent to Europe where he worked for the German-speaking American radio service. After the war, he also worked as a civil control officer in Germany.
Mann, Katia (née Pringsheim)
Biographical details: 24 July 1883 in Feldafing – 25 April 1980 in Kilchberg, Switzerland
Exile: 1933 Switzerland, interrupted by travels in Europe and the USA, 1938 USA (1939 trip to Europe)
In exile, Katia Mann found it a challenge simply to organise her now unsettled everyday life. In addition to numerous lecture tours, on which she always accompanied her husband Thomas Mann, she prepared the family's moves to the next place of refuge. In exile in America, she committed herself to helping intellectuals who were at risk in Europe, and helped many to emigrate.
Mann, Klaus
Biographical details: 18 November, 1906 in Munich – May 21 1949 in Cannes, France
Occupation: Writer, publicist
Exile: 1933 France, followed shortly afterwards by the Netherlands, in the coming years a series of locations in Europe, 1938 USA
Klaus Mann made a major contribution to the field of cultural policy and as a representative e.g. at international congresses. From 1933–1935 he published the exile magazine "Die Sammlung" to provide a forum for exile literature. In his own work he dealt increasingly with contemporary events. He participated in the Allied campaign in Italy as part of the U.S. Army. In 1945, he visited destroyed Germany as a correspondent.
Mann, Thomas
Biographical details: 6 June 1875 in Lübeck – 12 August 1955 in Zurich, Switzerland
Occupation: Writer
Exile: 1933 Switzerland, interrupted by travels in Europe and the USA, 1938 USA (1939 trip to Europe)
Thomas Mann hesitated for a long time before publicly declaring his opposition to Nazism and support for German emigration – becoming its most influential representative in 1936. He supported various relief initiatives and in November 1941 began his "Listen, Germany!" series of anti-Nazi radio broadcasts. He also produced various literary works. Thomas Mann rejected a return to Germany.
Marx, Henry (born Heinrich)
Biographical details: 3 November 1911 in Brussels, Belgium – 22 June 1994 in Frutigen, Switzerland
Occupation: Journalist, drama expert
Exile: 1937 via Cuba to USA
Henry Marx emigrated via Cuba to the USA in 1937. There he was involved in publishing, particularly as a music, theatre and film critic. In June 1937 he joined the editorial team of the German newspaper "New Yorker Staats-Zeitung & Herold". Marx was heavily involved in German-language theatre in New York, including the "Players from Abroad".
