Husserl, Johanna (née Elias, 2. marriage: Hanna Kapit)
Biographical details: 16 June 1917 Vienna, Austria-Hungary – 9 June 2011 in New York, USA
Occupation: Psychoanalyst
Exile: 1938 USA
After the annexation of Austria, Hanna Kapit was not permitted to continue her studies at the University of Vienna. The family emigrated to the USA. Hanna Kapit continued her psychology studies. After obtaining her Bachelor's degree she began working as a teacher while proceeding with her studies at Columbia University in New York. She then completed her training as a psychoanalyst.
Jesenská, Milena
Biographical details: 10 August 1896 in Prague, Austria-Hungary (today: Czech Republic) – 17 May 1944 in Ravensbrück concentration camp
Occupation: Journalist, writer
Milena Jesenská wrote for several Czech newspapers, e.g. about the situation of refugees in the country. After the country was occupied by Germany, she was actively involved in the resistance and also helped those at risk to flee. She herself, however, did not want to leave her home country. In November 1939 she was arrested by the Gestapo and deported to Ravensbrück concentration camp where she died as a result of the prison conditions.
Kapit, Hanna (née Elias, 1. marriage: Husserl)
Biographical details: 16 June 1917 Vienna, Austria-Hungary – 9 June 2011 in New York, USA
Occupation: Psychoanalyst
Exile: 1938 USA
After the annexation of Austria, Hanna Kapit was not permitted to continue her studies at the University of Vienna. The family emigrated to the USA. Hanna Kapit continued her psychology studies. After obtaining her Bachelor's degree she began working as a teacher while proceeding with her studies at Columbia University in New York. She then completed her training as a psychoanalyst.
Kohn, Hein (Heinz)
Biographical details: 25 March 1907 in Augsburg – 1 October 1979 in Hilversum, Netherlands
Occupation: Literary agent, publisher
Exile: 1933 Netherlands
Based on the model of the Büchergilde Gutenberg [Gutenberg Book Guild], Hein Kohn founded a publishing company in the Netherlands in 1933. He published in Dutch e.g. works of writers who were persecuted in Germany. After the occupation of the Netherlands, he went underground and joined the resistance. Kohn was arrested during a raid in 1942, but managed to flee from the labour camp and went into hiding until the war ended.
Kralovitz, Rolf
Biographical details: 15 June 1925 in Böhlitz-Ehrenberg (now part of Leipzig) – 21 June 2015 in Cologne
Occupation: Actor, cabaret artist, author
Exile: 1946 from the Soviet occupation zone (Leipzig) to the Western occupation zones (Munich), 1949 USA
Remigration: 1953 Germany/FRG
The pupil Rolf Kralovitz was discriminated against from an early age for being Jewish. His father failed in his attempts to get the family to Hungary. In 1940, they had to give up their flat and move into a ghetto building. In October 1943, Kralovitz was deported to the Buchenwald concentration camp where he was forced to work for the German armaments industry. He was the only family member to survive the Holocaust.
Lange, Hanns W.
Biographical details: 19 July 1915 in Berlin – 26 October 2007 in Purley, United Kingdom
Occupation: Furrier
Exile: 1939 United Kingdom
Hanns W. Lange did not initially consider emigration. However, under the Nuremberg laws he was deemed to be "Non-Aryan". During an internship in the United Kingdom, he explored the local job opportunities. After returning temporarily to Germany he emigrated to the United Kingdom in March 1939. From 1940 to 1942 he was interned as an "enemy alien" on the Isle of Man.
Lange, Irma (née Miskolczy)
Biographical details: 31 May 1891 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary – 14 February 1986 in London, United Kingdom
Exile: 1939 United Kingdom
Despite having a German husband, Irma Lange was increasingly at risk as a Jew, and emigrated in 1939. She lived with her son Hanns in a house to the south of London, which they then bought in 1944. From 1940 to 1942 Irma Lange was first interned in the women's prison Holloway, then on the Isle of Man. She earned her living in part from handicrafts which she sold to the local population.
Lasker-Schüler, Else (born Elisabeth)
Biographical details: 11 February 1869 in Elberfeld (now part of Wuppertal) – 22 January 1945, Jerusalem, Palestine
Occupation: Writer, artist
Exile: 1933 Switzerland, 1939 Palestine
After being assaulted, Else Lasker-Schüler moved to Switzerland. There a work ban was in place which she had to violate in order to earn a living. She gave lectures, wrote for the press and sold some drawings. In 1939 she was prevented from returning from a trip to Palestine. In Jerusalem, she was culturally active but lived in poor conditions.
Liepman(n), Heinz
Biographical details: 27 August 1905 in Osnabrück – 6 June 1966 in Agarone, Switzerland
Occupation: Writer, journalist
Exile: 1933 Netherlands, 1934 France, 1935 United Kingdom, 1937 USA
Remigration: 1947 Germany/Western occupation zones (Hamburg)
After being arrested in the Netherlands, Heinz Liepman was expelled to Belgium in February 1934. From there he went to Paris where he worked, as in his other places of exile, as a journalist and freelance writer. Liepman was deported from the USA in 1947 to Germany as a result of drug offences. When he left Germany for Switzerland in 1961, he called this his second emigration.
Loewy, Erna (geb. Levy)
Biographical details: 12 April 1892 in Krefeld – 19 July 1960 in Frankfurt am Main
Exile: 1938 Palestine
Remigration: 1957 Germany/FRG
Erna Loewy emigrated to Palestine in November 1938 together with her husband Richard. Their son, Ernst, had lived there since 1936. While the Loewys were preparing to leave, the November pogroms took place. Richard Loewy feared being arrested, and so it was Erna Loewy who picked up their passports from the authorities. Erna and Richard Loewy travelled on a tourist visa to Palestine.
