Whether or not it was possible to continue in a previous occupation in the country of exile depended on various factors. In some host countries it was difficult enough to obtain any work permit at all. In some lines of work, qualifications from Germany or Austria were not recognised in the country of exile.

This fundamentally altered the work situation for many emigrants. They had to change their occupation, carry out menial work, or accept support from aid organisations in order to survive.

Those whose work was closely linked to the German language or to specific structures in Germany often found it difficult to continue in their occupation. Yet in some cases, exile also presented new and unexpected career opportunities.